US Naturalization Test 2025: Civics and English Explained
In this guide
Quick answer: The naturalization test has two parts, English and civics. If you filed Form N-400 on or after October 20, 2025, you take the 2025 civics test: an oral test of 20 questions drawn from a list of 128, and you must answer 12 correctly. If you filed before that date, you take the 2008 test: up to 10 questions from a list of 100, with 6 correct answers needed.
Most people worry about the civics questions, but USCIS tests more than facts. The officer also judges your spoken English during the interview itself. This guide explains each part as USCIS describes it, which test applies to you and what happens if you do not pass the first time.
Which naturalization test do you take?
It depends on when you filed. USCIS says people who filed Form N-400 before October 20, 2025 take the 2008 civics test. People who file on or after that date take the 2025 civics test. USCIS describes the 2025 test as based on the 2020 test with some changes to how it is administered.
| 2008 civics test | 2025 civics test | |
|---|---|---|
| Applies if you filed N-400 | Before Oct. 20, 2025 | On or after Oct. 20, 2025 |
| Format | Oral | Oral |
| Questions asked | Up to 10 from a list of 100 | 20 from a list of 128 |
| Correct answers to pass | 6 | 12 |
| You fail if you miss | 5 of 10 | 9 of 20 |
USCIS adds that the officer asks up to 20 questions in the 2025 test, so you will not necessarily be asked every question on the list.
How does the English test work?
- Speaking: The officer judges your ability to speak and understand English during your eligibility interview on Form N-400. Make sure you understand every question on your application and can answer it for your own situation. You can ask the officer to repeat or rephrase a question.
- Reading: You must read aloud one out of three sentences correctly.
- Writing: You must write one out of three sentences correctly.
USCIS publishes reading and writing vocabulary lists to study from, focused on civics and history topics.
Who is exempt from the English test?
USCIS says certain applicants, because of their age and how long they have been permanent residents, do not have to take the English test and may take the civics test in the language of their choice. See the USCIS page on exceptions and accommodations for the exact rules.
What happens if you fail?
You get two attempts to take the English and civics tests and to answer questions about your application in English. If you fail a test at your first interview, USCIS retests you on the part you failed between 60 and 90 days after that interview.
What else decides the result?
Passing the test is not enough on its own. USCIS says you must also meet every other eligibility requirement, which our guide to US naturalization requirements explains. During the interview an officer reviews your Form N-400 answers with you and may ask questions to clarify them. Bring the documents USCIS lists in the Form N-400 instructions, including originals where required.
Common mistakes
- Studying the wrong list. Check your filing date before you pick study materials.
- Ignoring the speaking test. Practise answering questions about your own application aloud.
- Assuming you must answer every question. The test stops once you reach the passing number.
FAQ
How many questions are on the 2025 civics test?
The officer asks up to 20 questions from a list of 128, and you must answer 12 correctly.
Is the civics test written or oral?
Oral, for both the 2008 and 2025 versions.
Where do I find study materials?
USCIS provides free study materials and resources through its Citizenship Resource Center.
Can I take the test in my own language?
Only if you qualify for an exception based on age and time as a permanent resident. Otherwise the English requirement applies.
Key takeaways
- File date decides the test: before Oct. 20, 2025 means the 2008 test, on or after means the 2025 test.
- 2025 test: 20 questions, 12 correct to pass.
- English has three parts: speaking in the interview, reading one of three sentences and writing one of three.
- If you fail, you are retested on that part within 60 to 90 days.
Related guides
This page is general information, not legal or immigration advice. Confirm current rules on the official USCIS site. Last updated: October 2026.
Sources
USCIS: The Naturalization Interview and Test; USCIS: Commonly Asked Questions About the Naturalization Process.