What Is a Credit Score in the USA? Range, Factors and Why It Matters
In this guide
Quick answer: A credit score is a prediction of how likely you are to repay debts on time, based on your credit report. The CFPB says most scores fall between 300 and 850. You do not have just one score, because scores vary by scoring model, data source and the date they are calculated.
Who uses credit scores?
Lenders and others use them for mortgages, credit cards, auto loans, tenant screening and insurance, and to set interest rates and credit limits.
What affects your score?
- Bill-payment history
- Current unpaid debt
- The number and types of loan accounts
- How long accounts have been open
- How much of your available credit you use
- New credit applications
- Collections, foreclosures or bankruptcies, and how long ago they occurred
Why do you have many scores?
| Reason scores differ |
|---|
| The scoring model used |
| The source of your credit history |
| The loan type |
| The date of calculation |
For new immigrants
Credit history does not usually cross borders, so you may be starting fresh. Read how to build credit as a new immigrant.
Common mistakes
- Comparing two scores from different models as if they were the same.
- Applying for many credit products in a short time.
FAQ
How can I check my score for free?
The CFPB page says you can access your scores for free and links to a separate guide, but does not describe the methods. Check the CFPB guide.
Key takeaways
- Most scores range from 300 to 850.
- Payment history and credit use matter.
- Your score is calculated from your credit report.
Related guides
- First 90 days in a new country
- What is a credit report?
- Build credit as a new immigrant
- Credit score in Canada for newcomers
- Build a credit history in the UK
Last updated: October 2026. Scoring models change, so check the official page.
Sources
- CFPB: What is a credit score?